TABLE I
Vaccinations Guidelines for Mature Horses

Disease

Administration

Comments

Anthrax

Initial dose with booster in 2 to 3 weeks, complete series 2 to 4 weeks before expected anthrax exposure.

Do not vaccinate horses undergoing antibiotic therapy.

Use entire contents when first opened and burn container and any unused vaccine.

Placing the horse in a dark stall for 10 days of rest.

Local tissue reaction suspected; inject under mane.

Not a routine vaccine. Check with state veterinarian.

Botulism  

Not used in mature non-breeding horses.

See Table II for broodmares.

Encephalomyelitis (Eastern, Western and Venezuelan) Annual to biannual booster.

Do not stress horses recently vaccinated for Venezuelan encephalomyelitis.

Vaccination for Venezuelan encephalomyelitis may limit exportation.

Horses can have a transient viremia with Venezuelan encephalomyletis.

Equine viral arteritis

Annual for breeding stallions.

Use only in endemic areas.

Do not vaccinate pregnant mares.

Vaccinate open or maiden mares at least 3 weeks before breeding.

Use entire contents of vaccine within 60 minutes of opening.

Horses may have a mild fever and decrease in white blood cells after vaccination.

Vaccination may prevent importation in some countries.

Burn Container and any unused vaccine.

Vaccinate at least 28 days prior to start of breeding season.

Influenza Every 3-4 months for performance horses.

Annual to biannual for low- to moderate-risk horses.

Do not vaccinate 2 to 3 weeks before a stressful event.

Some horses have a brief fever, loss of appetite, and depression after vaccination.

Potomac Horse Fever Revaccinate every 6 months in enzootic areas, otherwise annually.

Local tissue reaction may occur at injection site.

Rabies Annual

Only vaccine approved to be given subcutaneously; most commonly given in the muscle.

Local tissue reaction may result if injected subcutaneously.

Rhinopneumonitis

(EHV-1)

(EHV-4)

Booster every 3-4 months for horses at risk.

See Tables II and III for specifications for broodmares and foals.

Use a vaccine that contains EHV-1 and EHV-4 strains.

Strangles

Annual

Biannual vaccination in horses at risk.

Some horses have post vaccinal reactions or abscesses at IM injection site

Some horses have a severe systemic reaction.

Vaccination does not always prevent infection and clinical signs.

Intra-nasal vaccine appears to offers better protection.

Tetanus antitoxin

Use in unvaccinated horses or horses of unknown history at time of injury.

Short-term protection for 7 to 14 days.
Tetanus Toxoid Initial dose with booster in 3 to 6 weeks in unvaccinated horses.

Annual booster

Local tissue reaction; anaphylaxis (shock) in some horses.

Give at time of penetrating injury or surgery if the last booster was more than 6 months prior.

West Nile Virus

Initial dose followed by a second dose in 3-6 weeks with semi-annual or annual boosters.

A third initial dose is ONLY needed if the second booster dose was given after the 6 week period following the first dose. This dose should also be given in the 3-6 weeks period.

Have vaccine series completed at least one month prior to the mosquito season.